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Making a Systemwide Service

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In OS X, services let you access functionality in one app from within another app. An app that provides a service advertises the operations it can perform on a particular type of data. Services are triggered from the Application Name > Services menu, or from contextual menus that appear when you Control-click on text, files, and other kinds of data. When you’re manipulating a particular type of data, related services becomes available. For example, Mail provides a service that creates a new email from selected text.

To open this pane on your Mac, choose Apple menu  System Preferences, click Security & Privacy, then click Privacy. Scroll down on the left to Input Monitoring. If needed, click on the lock icon in the bottom left corner, and enter your password. Check the box next to OpenEmu.app, if asked select quit now, and close out of System Preferences. First things first: make sure the Mac audio output is enabled and that the computer is not set to be mute. You can toggle the mute button on a Mac keyboard or use the Sound control panel to boost audio all the way up to make sure the Mac sound volume is not on mute.

Making a Script Available as a Service

A script can be made available as a service by embedding it in an Automator service workflow.

  1. Launch Automator, found in /Applications/.

  2. When prompted, choose a document type of Service and click Choose.

  3. At the top of the Automator document, configure the service.

    If the service will process a specific type of data, such as text, files, or images, select the appropriate type. Otherwise, select “no input.”

    If the service will be available within the context of a specific app only, select the appropriate app. Otherwise, select “any application.”

    If the service will replace selected text with processed text, select the “Output replaces selected text” checkbox.

  4. Type run in the search field above the action library pane to filter the action library.

    A list of actions for running AppleScripts, JavaScripts, UNIX shell scripts, and more are displayed.

  5. Drag an action, such as Run AppleScript or Run JavaScript, to the workflow area.

  6. Write the script code and add it to the action. If the action contains additional configuration options, adjust them as needed.

    For AppleScripts and JavaScripts, use the action’s run handler template to process input data when the service runs, such as text or files. For workflows that replace selected text with processed text, be sure your workflow results in a text value. See Example Service Workflow Scripts.

  7. When prompted, enter a name for the service.

Example Service Workflow Scripts

Listing 40-1 and Listing 40-2 provide example code that can be pasted into the Run AppleScript and Run JavaScript Automator actions to convert selected text to uppercase.

APPLESCRIPT

Listing 40-1AppleScript: Example of an Automator service script that converts selected text to uppercase
  1. on run {input, parameters}
  2. set input to changeCaseOfText(input as string, 'upper')
  3. return input
  4. end run
  5. on changeCaseOfText(theText, theCaseToSwitchTo)
  6. if theCaseToSwitchTo contains 'lower' then
  7. set theComparisonCharacters to 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
  8. set theSourceCharacters to 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
  9. else if theCaseToSwitchTo contains 'upper' then
  10. set theComparisonCharacters to 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
  11. set theSourceCharacters to 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
  12. else
  13. return theText
  14. end if
  15. set theAlteredText to '
  16. repeat with aCharacter in theText
  17. set theOffset to offset of aCharacter in theComparisonCharacters
  18. if theOffset is not 0 then
  19. set theAlteredText to (theAlteredText & character theOffset of theSourceCharacters) as string
  20. else
  21. set theAlteredText to (theAlteredText & aCharacter) as string
  22. end if
  23. end repeat
  24. return theAlteredText
  25. end changeCaseOfText

JAVASCRIPT

Listing 40-2JavaScript: Example of an Automator service script that converts selected text to uppercase

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  1. function run(input, parameters) {
  2. var selectedText = input[0]
  3. return selectedText.toUpperCase()
  4. }

Triggering Service Workflows

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Saved Automator service workflows automatically appear in services menus throughout the system at the appropriate time. For example, text processing workflows become available when you select text in an app. To run a service, select Application Name > Services > Service Workflow Name from the menu bar, or select Services > Service Workflow Name from a contextual menu.

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